Abstract: By referring to the health risk assessment theory for hazardous compounds, the health risks of Chinese population exposed to arsenic in cigarette smoke were assessed according to the basic frame of health risk assessment. The results showed that the hazard quotient(HQ) of arsenic was 0.008, which was of acceptable risk; and its incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR) was 4.0×10^-5, which was beyond the acceptable risk probability, and should be regulated.