Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of cigarette combustion status on the delivery,transfer and distribution of crotonaldehyde in mainstream cigarette smoke,the delivery in mainstream cigarette smoke,retention by filter,residue in combustion cone and distribution among different cigarette parts of crotonaldehyde were studied on a puff-by-puff basis by adjusting cigarette pyrolysis/distillation status via changing the air permeability of cigarette paper.The results showed that:1) With the puffing going on,the crotonaldehyde delivery in mainstream cigarette smoke increased in general,whereas it did not obviously correlate to the residue of crotonaldehyde in combustion cone.2) The rates of mainstream smoke transfer,filter retention,and residue in combustion cone of crotonaldehyde on a puff-by-puff basis were 36%-48%,12%-34%,and 16%-27%,respectively.The adsorption rate of cut tobacco to crotonaldehyde was less than 13%.3) There was no correlation between the puff-by-puff delivery of crotonaldehyde in mainstream cigarette smoke and the air permeability of cigarette paper.