Abstract: To assess the capability of cigarette's physical index testing system accurately and systematically and make up the deficiency of traditional univariate measurement system, the physical index testing system was regarded as a multivariate one and assessed by a method which combined a two-phase method with a modified-region-based method. In the first phase of the two-phase method, the variation of measurement system was estimated with calibrated test rods; in the second phase, the total variation of measurement system was estimated through the historical measurement data of the same measurement equipment. The capability of the measurement system was assessed comprehensively by the modified-region-based method. Two important assessment indices, percentages of repeatability and reproducibility (%R & R) and ratio of precision to tolerance (%P/T), and their meaning were given. Also given were the formulas for calculating percentage of equipment variation (%EV) and percentage of appraiser variation (%AV) for equipment setting. The results showed that:1) The created indexes%R & R and%P/T were 16.49% and 12.92% for the testing system, respectively; all in the range of 10%-30%, which indicated that the system had enough measurement capability and higher measurement precision. 2) Multivariate measurement system analysis method took the correlation between cigarette's physical indices into account, featured high accuracy and integrity, and was suitable for analyzing the capability of cigarette testing stations of different types.