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无机氮与氨基酸态氮配施对烟苗根系生长及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响

Effects of inorganic nitrogen combined with amino-acid nitrogen on root growth and activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism of tobacco seedlings

  • 摘要: 为研究无机氮及氨基酸态氮(谷氨酸,Glu)对烟苗生长及相关酶活性的影响,以NC55幼苗为材料,在无菌条件下设置相同氮浓度不同氮形态的6个处理,即NH4+-N(T1)、NO3--N(T2)、Glu-N(T3)、NH4+-N:Glu-N=1:1(T4)、NO3--N:Glu-N=1:1(T5)和NH4NO3-N:Glu-N=1:1(T6),测定了根系的形态结构、叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量以及氮代谢相关酶的活性。结果表明:单施谷氨酸处理的根系总长度、表面积及总体积和一级侧根长度均最高,硝酸铵和谷氨酸配施处理的根系总长度次之。铵态氮与谷氨酸配施处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量最高,无机氮和谷氨酸配施处理的叶片光合色素含量高于单一形态氮处理。单施谷氨酸处理的叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性最高,谷氨酸与无机氮配施处理的叶片GS活性高于单施无机氮处理。无机氮与谷氨酸配施处理的根系谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著高于单一形态氮素处理。硝酸铵和谷氨酸配施处理的叶片谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性最低,无机氮与谷氨酸配施处理的根系GOT活性高于单施硝态氮和单施谷氨酸处理。谷氨酸有利于根系的伸长和侧根发生,无机氮与谷氨酸配施可缓解单一无机氮对根系生长的不利影响并促进叶片的色素合成,施用谷氨酸可提高叶片GS活性,无机氮和谷氨酸配施有利于提高根系GOT和GPT的活性。

     

    Abstract: To study the effects of inorganic nitrogen (inorganic-N) combined with amino-acid nitrogen (glutamic acid, Glu) on the growth and relevant enzyme activities of tobacco seedlings, water culture experiment was conducted on cv. NC55 under asepsis condition to determine the root morphology, chlorophyll and carotene contents, and activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism of tobacco seedlings. Six treatments were set at different nitrogen forms and the same nitrogen concentration:NH4+-N (T1), NO3--N (T2), Glu-N (T3), NH4+-N:Glu-N=1:1 (T4), NO3--N︰Glu-N=1:1 (T5) and NH4NO3-N:Glu-N=1:1 (T6). The results showed that the total length, surface area and total volume of roots and the length of first lateral root in T3 were the highest and the total root length in T6 was higher. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene in tobacco leaves in T4 were the highest. The contents of leaf photosynthetic pigments in the treatments of inorganic-N combined with Glu were higher than those in N treatments alone. The leaf glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in T3 was the highest and the leaf GS activities in the treatments of inorganic-N combined with Glu were higher than those in N treatments alone. The root glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in the treatments of inorganic-N combined with Glu were obviously higher than those in N treatments alone. The leaf glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity in T6 was the lowest, and the root GOT activities in the treatments of inorganic-N combined with Glu were higher than those in T2 and T3. Glu was favorable for root elongation and lateral roots formation. Inorganic-N combined with Glu could alleviate the adverse effect of inorganic-N on root growth and improve pigment synthesis in leaves. Applying Glu could increase leaf GS activity, and inorganic-N combined with Glu could enhance root GOT and GPT activities.

     

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