Abstract: Aiming at the problems, such as broken packet, packet missing or not properly filled, might happen in the process of cigarette production, a VPFE (Visual Perception Feature Extraction) algorithm based on the X-ray images of cigarette cartons was put forward. VPFE algorithm extracted the features of objects from the angles of visual perception including boundary, density, distribution, direction and regularity. Different classifiers were used to detect the abnormalities in cigarette cartoning. The results showed that: 1) VPFE algorithm offered pretty good detection effects under different classifiers, it could be applied to classification learning by mainstream classifiers and advantaged over other feature extraction algorithms in detection precision, which reached 100% for the detection of cigarette missing and packet missing. 2) VPFE algorithm could also detect the packets with a broken area over 20% or cigarette misalignment with detection rates of 95.8% and 96.6%, respectively. Cigarette or packet missing in cartons is eliminated, and the quality of cigarette packaging is promoted.