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广东南雄烟区土壤氮素矿化特征及烟株对氮素的吸收和累积规律

Characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization and effects on nitrogen absorption and accumulation in tobacco plants in Nanxiong tobacco planting areas

  • 摘要: 为了探明广东南雄烟区砂泥田、牛肝土和紫色土3种主要植烟土壤的供氮特性及相应土壤中种植烤烟的氮素吸收规律,采用田间试验探讨了烤烟大田生育期植烟土壤氮素矿化特征及烟株对氮素的吸收和积累规律。结果表明:①在烤烟大田生育期中,砂泥田、牛肝土和紫色土3种主要植烟土壤中氮素矿化量随烤烟生育进程的推进而持续增强,总矿化量分别为360.27、327.50和277.82kg·hm-2,且烤烟成熟期氮素矿化量均占总矿化量的60.00%以上;②烟株氮素积累总体上均表现出"缓慢-快速-缓慢"的增长趋势,积累高峰期出现在移栽后45~60d,总积累量分别为5.36、4.81和4.19gN·株-1;③氮肥利用率分别为34.04%、33.11%和30.53%。因此,在烟草生产实践中可以通过氮肥施用时间前移和少量多次的施氮方法来提高肥料的有效性和利用率,同时避免烤烟生长后期的供氮过量。

     

    Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of nitrogen supply of three main tobacco planting soil types (muddy sand soil, "cow liver" soil and purple soil) in Nanxiong and the nitrogen absorption by flue-cured tobacco grown in these soils, field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization and the effects on nitrogen absorption and accumulation in tobacco plants. The results showed that: 1) During the period of tobacco growth, the amount of soil nitrogen mineralization increased continuously, the total mineralization levels were 360.27, 327.50 and 277.82 kg·ha-1 in muddy sand soil, "cow liver" soil and purple soil, respectively. The percentage of nitrogen mineralization at tobacco mature stage was above 60%. 2) The nitrogen accumulation in tobacco generally displayed a "slow-fast-slow" curve, nitrogen accumulation peaked in 45-60 days after transplant with the total accumulation reached 5.36, 4.81 and 4.19 gN·plant-1 in the three soil types, respectively. 3) Nitrogen utilization was 34.04%, 33.11% and 30.53% in the three soil types, respectively. Therefore, to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers and avoid excessive nitrogen supply at late growth stage, advancing nitrogen application time, reducing application rate and increasing application times were recommended in tobacco production.

     

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