Abstract: In order to investigate the variations of surface microstructure and extract composition of tobacco stems and scraps extracted by different solvents, the influence of solvent types on the leaf surface properties and extract aroma components were compared by taking water, ethanol water solution and potassium carbonate solution as the extraction media. The results showed that: 1) The extraction ratios of water and ethanol water solution did not differ significantly, and the appearance of extracted stems and scraps did not change significantly. However, the extraction ratio of potassium carbonate solution was lower, the extracted stems and scraps became dark black, deformed and stuck together. 2) After water extraction, the tissue structure of stems became microporous with obvious pores; the collenchyma of stems became poriferous, the vessel structure of stems was partially detached and deformed after extraction with ethanol water solution. More vessels were damaged and the volume reduced after extraction with potassium carbonate solution. After water or ethanol water solution extraction, there were many small wrinkles in the surface of scraps, the microscopic variation was obvious. The surface of scraps extracted by potassium carbonate solution changed somewhat, there was only a few uplifts, the reduction of filler was small, and the difference with the original scraps was not obvious. 3) The main extract components of stems and scraps in different solutions were nicotine. Extraction with ethanol water solution was found benefit for the extraction of aroma components, alcohols and ketones, while potassium carbonate solution reacted with lignin which resulted in the discoloration and staleness of material, therefore it was not a suitable extraction process, despite the fact that it promoted the dissolution of a large amount of anatabine.