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玉米田除草剂对烤烟的药害作用

Phytotoxicity of herbicide application in corn fields on intercropped flue-cured tobacco

  • 摘要: 为了明确玉米—烤烟间作区玉米田除草剂漂移对烤烟的药害作用,筛选对烤烟主栽品种较为安全的玉米田常用除草剂,以主栽烤烟品种为试验材料,对玉米田常用除草剂(38%莠去津SC、7% 2,4-D丁酯EC、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、56%二甲四氯钠WP、15%炔草酯WP、10%苯磺隆WP和15%硝磺草酮SC)开展了药害试验。设置推荐使用剂量、推荐使用剂量稀释不同倍数(10、20、50、100和150倍)、清水对照共7个处理。用药后调查记载烟苗的受害程度,并计算药害指数和药害株率。结果表明,7种除草剂在一定剂量范围内对烤烟植株生长均有影响,且影响程度存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。其中,2,4-D丁酯和氯氟吡氧乙酸药害较重,推荐使用剂量为稀释150倍的处理,多数参试烟株仍然表现出明显药害症状;二甲四氯钠药害次之;苯磺隆与硝磺草酮的药害程度居中;莠去津和炔草酯的药害较轻。烤烟品种云烟87和中烟100对7种参试药剂中的6种耐药性较差,NC55和K326对多数除草剂耐药性较好。因此,建议烟区的玉米田施用除草剂优先选用莠去津和炔草酯,其次为硝磺草酮和苯磺隆,杜绝使用2,4-D丁酯和氯氟吡氧乙酸,慎用二甲四氯钠。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the phytotoxicity of drifted herbicides applied in corn fields on flue-cured tobacco in corn-tobacco intercropping areas, seven common corn herbicides38% atrazine SC, 7% 2, 4-D butyl ester EC, 20% fluroxypyr EC, 56% MCPA-Na (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid-sodium) WP, 15% clodinafop-propargyl WP, 10% tribenuron-methyl WP and 15% mesotrione SCwith lower harm for flue-cured tobacco were selected and their phytotoxicity was tested on five flue-cured tobacco varieties. Seven treatments were set as following:recommended dose(RD), 10-1 RD, 2×10-1 RD, 5×10-1 RD, 10-2 RD, 1.5×10-2 RD and water (as the control). The damage grades of tobacco seedlings after treatment were recorded and the phytotoxicity index and incidence were analyzed. The results showed that within the appropriate dosage ranges, seven corn herbicides significantly affected the growth of flue-cured tobacco. Drug damages of 2, 4-D butyl ester and fluroxypyr were the most serious. Under 1.5×10-2 RD treatments, most tobacco plants displayed clear damage symptoms. The phytotoxicity of seven corn herbicides were in the order of 2, 4-D butyl ester and fluroxypyr > MCPA-Na > tribenuron-methyl and mesotrione > atrazine and clodinafop-propargyl. Yunyan87 and Zhongyan100 had lower tolerance to six corn herbicides. NC55 and K326 had higher tolerance to most corn herbicides. Therefore, it is recommended that in corn fields near tobacco-planting areas, atrazine and clodinafop-propargyl are preferred, followed by mesotrione and tribenuron-methyl. MCPA-Na should be used with caution, while 2, 4-D butyl ester and fluroxypyr should be avoided.

     

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