Abstract: Germplasm resources are important material basis for breeding and agroforestry production. The breeding of new tobacco varieties and the development of tobacco industry rely on germplasm collection, deep excavation and effective utilization. To understand the development of tobacco germplasm resources in China, the collection and storage of tobacco germplasms at home and abroad were described. The classification, identification and germplasm innovation of tobacco resources were introduced, and the application of new varieties bred from tobacco germplasm resources during the past 15 years was summarized. Based on the above analysis, the systematic evaluation, specific agronomic traits and innovative utilization of tobacco germplasm resources were proposed.