Abstract: In order to selectively reduce the harmful component releases in mainstream cigarette smoke, an alginate fiber thread was prepared with three dimensional braiding technology and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer. The toxicant reduction effects were evaluated by inserting the alginate fiber thread into the center of a filter rod. The results showed that:1)Metal ions could effectively bind to the alginate fibers, and there were more pores between the fibers and yarns, which was beneficial to smoke diffusion. 2) Comparing with the control cigarettes, the releases of hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and phenol in mainstream smoke of the test cigarettes decreased by 17.4%, 16.3% and 12.7%, respectively. The hazard index (H)of cigarette smoke was reduced by 0.6. The releases of routine components and other harmful components in mainstream smoke did not change greatly. 3) Within 6 months of incorporation, the adsorption effect of alginate fiber materials to the hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and phenol in mainstream smoke was maintained.