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海泡石及生物炭对甲霜灵和镉复合污染条件下烟草生长发育和污染物含量的影响

Effects of sepiolite and biochar on growth and pollutant content in tobacco under combined metalaxyl and cadmium contamination

  • 摘要: 为明确不同土壤改良剂(海泡石和生物炭)对植烟土壤甲霜灵与镉复合污染条件下烟草生长发育特征与污染物含量的影响,采用盆栽试验研究了甲霜灵与镉复合污染条件下,添加海泡石和生物炭对烤烟植物学性状、不同生育期烤烟不同部位生物量、根系发育及污染物吸收的影响。结果表明:①添加量20 g·kg-1海泡石或生物炭均能不同程度地促进烟株生长和生物量的积累,与对照相比海泡石和生物炭两者等量(10 g·kg-1)配施,可显著增加烟株株高、叶片数、根生物量、根冠比、主根长和根体积等(P < 0.05)。②海泡石与生物炭及其配施处理均能降低烟叶和根部的甲霜灵含量并缩短甲霜灵在烟叶中的半衰期,但处理间差异不显著。③与对照相比,3种改良剂处理中烟草根部及叶部对镉元素的吸收高峰均延迟至烟株现蕾期,且在根和叶中镉的富集系数降低。因此,海泡石与生物炭等量配施既可显著促进烟株的生长发育,又可缓解镉与甲霜灵对烟株生长的毒害作用,是甲霜灵和镉复合污染条件下烟田改良的较有效措施。

     

    Abstract: In order to clarify the influences of different soil amendments on the growth and development of tobacco and the contents of pollutants in tobacco, the effects of applying sepiolite and biochar on botanical traits of flue-cured tobacco, biomasses of different parts of tobacco at different growing stages, root development and pollutant absorption under the combined pollution of metalaxyl and cadmium were studied via pot experiments. The results showed that adding sepiolite or biochar at the rate of 20 g·kg-1 promoted the growth of tobacco and biomass accumulation to different extents. Compared with the control, the equal application of sepiolite and biochar(at the rate of 10 g·kg-1 each)significantly(P < 0.05) increased the height, leaf number, root biomass, root top ratio, main root length and root volume of tobacco plant. Applying sepiolite, biochar or their combination decreased the metalaxyl content in leaves and roots, and shortened the half-life of metalaxyl in leaves, however there were no significant differences among the different treatments. In addition, the three soil amendments delayed the cadmium absorption peak of tobacco roots and leaves until the flower-bud appearing stage and decreased the cadmium enrichment coefficients in tobacco roots and leaves. Therefore, the equal application of sepiolite and biochar is an effective means for improving the soil equality in tobacco fields since it can significantly promote tobacco growth and development by reducing the harms of cadmium and metalaxyl to tobacco plants.

     

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