Abstract: To explore environmentally green control methods against Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castaneum, a new botanical protectant was studied. The chemical components in Ajania salicifolid essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that: 1) A total of 23 compounds were identified in the essential oil, their contents accounted for 96.13% of the total essential oil content by weight. The major components identified were camphor (36.50%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (16.44%), eucalyptus (9.61%) and α-bisabolol (4.77%). 2) A. salicifolid essential oil presented clear fumigant activity (LC₅₀ = 26.60 mg/L and 24.29 mg/L) and contact toxicity (LD₅₀ = 25.66 μg/adult and 64.51 μg/adult) against L. serricorne and T. castaneum. 3) A. salicifolid essential oil had an observable repellent activity against T. castaneum. After 2 and 4 hours' treatments at the concentration of 0.500 0%(volume fraction), the repellent efficiency of A. salicifolid essential oil against Lasioderma serricorne was higher than 60%, while it was higher than 90% against T. castaneum. Therefore, A. salicifolid essential oil has control bioactivities against L. serricorne and T. castaneum and could be developed into a new plant-derived insecticide.