Abstract: To explore the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in cigar products, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to perform the gene sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions in 10 representative cigar samples. The abundance of sequences, alpha diversity, structure of microbial communities and species clustering were analyzed based on the sequencing data. The results showed that: 1) The diversities of bacteria and fungi in the cigar samples were abundant. A total of 360 bacterial genera and 49 fungal genera were identified, and the highest diversities of bacterial and fungal communities were observed in samples HNL9 and WG respectively. 2) Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla, and Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Aspergillus were the dominant genera in the cigar samples. 3) Significant differences were observed in the diversities and structures of bacterial and fungal communities among the samples. Cluster analysis indicated that the distributions of microbial communities in samples GXB and MT from the same country were similar.