Abstract: To investigate the influences of heated tobacco products on environmental air quality and the human health risk, the exhaled aerosol after smoking heated tobacco products was collected with a vacuum assisted capture device. Five major chemical components (i.e. propylene glycol, glycerol, menthol, nicotine and glycerol triacetate) in the exhaled aerosol were quantitatively analyzed with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Meantime, the heated tobacco product was also smoked by a smoking machine at the puffing parameters simulated volunteer smokers. The releases of the five chemical components in inhaled aerosol were determined and compared with those in the exhaled aerosol. The results showed that: 1) The developed method for exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product presented a linear calibration curve with correlation coefficient (R²) ≥0.999 9, and the limits of detection (LODs) between 0.10 and 0.41 μg/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 77.70%-120.00% with good intra-day (RSD≤6.93%) and inter-day precision (RSD≤10.70%). 2) The exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product contained higher releases of propylene glycol and glycerin, and the release of glycerin was higher than that of propylene glycol. There was menthol in the exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product with mint flavored tobacco rods. 3) The releases of the five chemical components in exhaled aerosol of the heated tobacco product were significantly lower than those in inhaled aerosol. The average retention efficiencies by the volunteers for propylene glycol, glycerin, menthol, nicotine and glycerol triacetate were 96.80%, 96.20%, 96.00%, 99.60% and 99.60% respectively.