Abstract: To improve the processing performance of polylactic acid(PLA)film cooling materials in heated tobacco products, to prevent PLA from collapsing and sticking under the heating of aerosol, and to avoid the blocking of the airflow channel, a composite material of plant fiber and PLA fiber was prepared with papermaking method and applied to the filter rod. The influences of fiber ratio and calendaring conditions on the cooling performance of the composite material were investigated, and the absorption properties of the composite material to the main aerosol components were studied. The results showed that: 1)The composite material with the plant fiber to PLA fiber ratio(mass ratio)of 5∶5 had a better cooling effect in the temperature range of 20-100 ℃. 2)The cooling effect of the composite material increased first and then decreased with the increase of plant fiber content, it reached the maximum when the ratio of plant fiber to PLA fiber was 4 ∶ 6, wherein the average and the maximum cooling temperature were 25.3 ℃ and 29.3 ℃ respectively, which were better than those of normal cooling materials. 3)Calendaring reduced the porosity and specific surface area of the composite material, which was not conducive to the heat transfer between aerosol and cooling material. Calendaring temperature had a slight influence on the cooling performance of the composite material, while higher calendaring pressure(>10 N/mm)significantly reduced the cooling performance. 4)The composite material had a better cooling effect. As a result of the condensation, the composite material absorbed slightly more main components(total particulate matter, propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine and moisture)in the aerosol than that of PLA film.