Abstract: To study the effects of filter ventilation rate on the aerosol release characteristics of different types of cigarettes, dual-purpose cigarette samples (smoking after lighting and smoking after heating with a matching heating device) with different filter ventilation rates were prepared. Gas chromatography (GC) and DMS500 fast particle size spectrometer were used to study the main chemical components and particle size distribution in the aerosols generated from the samples during burning or heating. The results showed that: 1) During burning or heating, the temperature of smoke out of the mouth end of cigarette decreased gradually with the increase of filter ventilation rate. 2) With the increase of filter ventilation rate from 0 to 64.08%, the releases of total particulate matter and the nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and moisture in particulate phase decreased during burning. The releases of total particulate matter and the nicotine and glycerol in particle phase increased first and then decreased slightly, the releases of propylene glycol in particle phase increased, and the moisture release in particle phase and gas phase decreased during heating. 3) With the increase of filter ventilation rate, the particle size of the aerosol distributed from 60 to 2 000 nm, the particle number concentration of the aerosol decreased, and the count median diameter (CMD) increased during burning. In the process of heating, the particle size of the aerosol mainly distributed from 40 to 500 nm at zero filter ventilation rate and it mainly distributed from 40 to 1 000 nm at the filter ventilation rate of 47.86% and 64.08%, the particle number concentration and particle volume concentration increased first and then decreased, while CMD and volume median diameter (VMD) increased. The above results provide a scientific basis for the selection and optimization of cigarette ventilation and perforation parameters.