Abstract: In order to characterize the generation, transmission, diffusion and filtration processes of aerosol from heated tobacco product, an aerosol sampling microprobe and a positioning and fixing system were designed and combined with a fast particle size spectrometer. A system for characterizing aerosol dynamic distribution from heated tobacco product during smoking was developed via heating device modification and linkage control between sampling and smoking. The results showed that: 1)Based on the modified heating device, aerosol sampling microprobe could be inserted into the heated tobacco section to realize in-situ real-time aerosol sampling. 2)By fixing and moving the heating device and aerosol sampling microprobe, the positioning and fixing system accurately controlled the insertion position of the microprobe with a control accuracy of 0.01 mm. 3)With the linkage control between the microprobe's sampling and smoking machine's smoking, the synchronization of smoking and in-situ aerosol sampling was realized. The developed system is convenient in operation and capable of characterizing the aerosol dynamic distribution from heated tobacco product during smoking, it can be used to study the formation process of aerosol.