Abstract: To investigate the effects of auxiliary material parameters on the release of seven harmful components (CO, HCN, NNK, NH3, BaP, phenol, and crotonaldehyde) in mainstream smoke and the H index value (the hazard index) of short cigarettes, 50 short cigarette samples were prepared according to a central composite design combined with an orthogonal design, and the selected six factors were cigarette paper grammage, cigarette paper air permeability, combustion improver content in cigarette paper, K/Na ratio in the combustion improver, filter rod pressure drop, and cigarette tipping paper air permeability. Multivariate linear model, quadratic polynomial model, and multifactor and interaction model were developed using the test results, and the optimal model for each index was determined. The prediction models were verified by adjusting the parameters of the cigarette auxiliary materials and tobacco blends. The results showed that the eight models for the seven harmful components and the H index value of short cigarette had good prediction accuracies, with the relative errors within ±15% and the mean absolute errors between 3.4% and 6.5% in 97.5% of the validation data of the eight models. The applicability of the prediction models for short cigarette is thus considered satisfactory.