Abstract: In order to investigate the best measures to improve soil acidification in continuous tobacco fields and reduce the incidence rate of tobacco bacterial wilt, cigar tobacco fields with severe soil acidification and frequent bacterial wilt were selected as the experimental sites. Effects of three acid-conditioning treatments, namely lime application, rape return-to-field, and the combination of lime application and rape return-to-field, were evaluated on the chemical properties of the soil, the structure of the bacterial community, and the bacterial wilt incidence of cigar tobacco plants. The results showed that lime application could significantly increase soil pH and improve soil acidification, while rape returning could significantly increase the amount of available potassium in the soil. Compared to the control, the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter in the soil increased by 17.04%, 17.65% and 21.74% after the application of lime, increased by 1.42%, 27.38% and 23.73% after rape returning, and increased by 26.79%, 47.66% and 49.10% with the combination of the two measures, respectively. The results of 16S rDNA amplification sequence showed that lime application significantly increased the overall relative abundance of bacteria. Compared to the control, lime application increased the relative abundance of the beneficial bacterium Gemmatimonas by 124.84%. In addition, the combination of the two acid-conditioning measures significantly increased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, which could degrade environmental harmful substances, and decreased the relative abundance of the harmful bacteria Ralstonia. Compared to the control, applying lime, returning rape and the combination of the two measures on day 90 after transplanting reduced the incidence rate of bacterial wilt by 37.11%, 15.45%, and 46.01%, respectively.