Abstract: To study the pyrolysis behavior of absolute oil of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau, the absolute oils were prepared by supercritical fluid extraction and molecular distillation methods. The chemical components in the absolute oils prepared at different distillation temperatures were determined by GC-MS analysis, and the differences in the pyrolysis products among the absolute oils of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures were compared and analyzed by pyrolysis-GC/MS. The results showed that: 1) At 100 ℃, the total mass fraction of volatile components in the prepared absolute oil was as high as 297.1 mg/g, which was 2.1 times higher than that before separation. 2) Linoleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, phytol, squalene, methyl 1, 2-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, ethyl 2-piperidinecarboxylate, maltol and linalool were the main components in the absolute oil. The mass fractions of N-containing heterocyclic compounds were low, such as 2-acetyl-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyridine and 2, 6-diethylpyrazine, but their OAV values were as high as 286.67 (for 2, 6-diethylpyrazine in sample No. 4^#), so their contributions to the flavor of the absolute oil were greater. 3) At 300 ℃, the pyrolysis products were mainly organic acids such as palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and the total relative percentage was as high as 84.02% for sample No. 5^#. The content of organic acid gradually decreased to 0 with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, while the relative percentages of benzene homologues and olefins gradually increased. 4) The pyrolysis products of sample No. 2^# were mainly alcohols and N-containing heterocycles, which were quite different from the other samples. At 900 ℃, the relative percentages of alcohols, ketones, and N-containing heterocyclic compounds were 17.05%, 6.75% and 22.79%, respectively, which were much higher than those of the other samples. The main pyrolysis products were linalool, phenylethanol, 2, 4, 4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-ol, maltol, ionone, phytoketone, 2-piperidone, etc.