Abstract: The occurrence and symptom of tobacco bacterial wilt in China, the application of biocontrol agents and their influence on the rhizosphere microbial community in published literature were summarized. The results showed that: 1) The pathogen of tobacco bacterial wilt was Ralstonia solanacearum, and its genetic diversity was rich. 2) The production areas with a large incidence and severe damage were the tobacco growing areas in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, southern Anhui, and Yibin and Luzhou in Sichuan, with an incidence rate of between 30%-100%. 3) The combined application of multiple microorganisms or the combination of antagonistic agents with organic fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers and biochar had better control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt. 4) The application of biocontrol agents significantly affected the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the tobacco rhizosphere soil, and positively influenced the balance of the rhizosphere microbial community.