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有机肥种类及施用比例对云南洱海烟区植烟土壤氮淋失的影响

Effects of organic fertilizer type and application rate on nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco area of Yunnan Province

  • 摘要: 为明确有机肥种类对云南洱海烟区植烟土壤氮淋失的减控效果,以及有机肥施用比例与植烟土壤氮淋失关系,以混合型有机肥、生物炭肥、芝麻饼肥为材料进行了室内土柱模拟试验。结果表明:①等施氮量且30%有机肥施用条件下,3种有机肥处理硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量和15Nδ值的平均值分别降低29.56%、7.18%和37.83%。②生物炭肥处理硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量和15Nδ值分别降低32.59%、9.95%和41.17%,降幅大于混合型有机肥和芝麻饼肥处理。③随有机肥施用比例的提高,植烟土壤氮淋失呈下降趋势,有机肥100%施用处理的硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量分别降低51.14%和22.88%。生物炭肥对洱海烟区的植烟土壤氮淋失减控效果较好,有机肥施用比例与植烟土壤氮淋失之间呈线性负相关,提高有机肥施用比例有助于降低洱海烟区的植烟土壤氮淋失污染风险。

     

    Abstract: To clarify the effects of organic fertilizer type on the reduction of nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco soil in Erhai tobacco growing area of Yunnan Province and the relationship between the application rate of organic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil, indoor soil column simulation experiments were conducted using mixed organic fertilizers, biochar fertilizers, and sesame cake fertilizers as study materials. The results showed that: 1)At the same nitrogen application rate with 30% chemical fertilizers replaced by organic nitrogen fertilizers, the leaching amounts of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the 15Nδ value under different organic fertilizer treatments averagely decreased by 29.56%, 7.18% and 37.83%, respectively. 2)The leaching amounts of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the 15Nδ value decreased by 32.59%, 9.95% and 41.17% in the biochar fertilizer treatment, respectively. The decreases were greater than those of the mixed organic fertilizer and the sesame cake fertilizer treatments. 3)As the application rate of the organic nitrogen fertilizers increased, the leaching loss of nitrogen from tobacco growing soil showed a downward trend. The leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the 100% organic fertilizer treatment decreased by 51.14% and 22.88%, respectively. The biochar fertilizers had a good effect on the reduction of nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco growing area. There was a linear negative correlation between the application rate of the organic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil, and increasing the application rate of organic nitrogen fertilizers contributes to the risk reduction of nitrogen leaching pollution from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco area.

     

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