Abstract: In order to evaluate accuracy and reliability of puffing conditions of smoking machine for routine analysis (hereinafter referred to as smoking machine), a traceability method for the smoking machine measurements was established. A puffing condition measurement device consisting of a pressure drop test module, a puffing flow diagram test module, a leakage test module, a puffing time test module and a data acquisition system was developed. The device was connected to the smoking machine through the puffing channel interface, and different test modules was selected through the data acquisition system. The device was tested using standard measuring instruments, the accuracy, repeatability and stability of all the test modules were analyzed and 3 commonly used smoking machines were selected for applicability verification. The results showed that: 1) The absolute value of the maximum relative error of the indication value for the pressure drop test module was 0.400%, and those of the puffing flow diagram test module, the leakage test module and the puffing time test module were 0.545%, 0.857% and 0.000, respectively, all of which were less than 1.000%. 2) The variable coefficients of repeated measurement results of the four test modules were all less than 0.100%. 3) In the 180-day stability verification experiment, the means and standard deviations of the subgroups corresponding to the 4 test modules were all under control. 4) In the applicability verification experiment of the traceability device, the test results of the 3 commonly used smoking machines all met the standard requirements. The device and traceability method could be used to calibrate the puffing conditions of different smoking machines, providing technical means for realizing the unified and standardized measurement traceability for laboratory smoking machines.