Abstract: To clarify the effects of piled fermentation conditions on the quality of Hainan cigar tobacco leaves, cigar tobacco leaves of Haiyan 101 cultivar in the same plot by shade planting and sun planting were selected. By adjusting factors such as the temperature for pile turnover during the piled fermentation process and the moisture content in the tobacco leaves, the effects of fermentation conditions on the color, chemical composition and sensory quality of the cigar tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) When the fermentation conditions for cigar filler tobacco leaves were set at a temperature of 45 ℃ for pile turnover and a leaf moisture content of 25%, while for cigar wrapper tobacco leaves were set at 40 ℃ and 20% respectively, the color transformation of the leaves was complete, the chemical components exhibited good balance, the sensory quality scores were high, and the overall fermentation effect of tobacco leaves was satisfactory. 2) The lightness value (L^*), redness value (a^*), yellowness value (b^*) and saturation (C) of the cigar tobacco leaves decreased with the increasing temperature for pile turnover and the leaf moisture content, while the total value of chromatism (ΔE) increased with the increase of moisture content in cigar tobacco leaves. 3) The correlation analysis results showed that the leaf color during the agricultural piled fermentation was mainly affected by plastid pigments. L^* was significantly positively correlated with the contents (mass fractions) of potassium, violaxanthin, lutein and chlorophyll b, while significantly negatively correlated with the contents of total nitrogen, total alkaloids and petroleum ether extract. b^* was significantly positively correlated with the contents of violaxanthin, lutein and chlorophyll b. C was significantly positively correlated with the contents of violaxanthin, lutein, chlorophyll b and β-carotene. ΔE was significantly negatively correlated with the content of chlorophyll b. Therefore, under the ecological conditions of Hainan, the suitable fermentation conditions for cigar filler tobacco leaves were 45 ℃ for pile turnover with a 25% leaf moisture content, while for cigar wrapper were 40 ℃ and 20% respectively.