Abstract: As a typical dicotyledonous angiosperm, tobacco has flower organs as its key reproductive structure, which directly affects cultivar fertility, yield, and quality traits. In-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of tobacco floral organ development can not only enrich the understanding of plant developmental biology, but also lay a core theoretical and technical foundation for genetic engineering improvement of tobacco varieties. The molecular mechanisms of tobacco floral organ development, including the regulatory roles of ABCDE model genes, MADS-box transcription factor family, plant hormones, and cyclins were summarized based on the current literature. Emphasis was placed on elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of flowering time and size, number, color, and fertility of tobacco floral organs. The causes of obstacles such as gene functional redundancy and complex regulatory networks during the development of tobacco floral organs were explored, and the interaction of key genes and the integration of signaling pathways were identified as research priorities. Future research directions for the molecular regulation mechanism of tobacco floral organ development were discussed to provide reference for molecular regulation network analysis and the breeding of high-quality, multi-purpose tobacco cultivars.