Abstract: In order to explore the effects of conventional and biodegradable mulching film on soil properties and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a randomized block test was conducted in the field. Two treatments, one using conventional plastic mulch (PM) and the other with biodegradable plastic mulch (BPM), were set up, with no mulch (CK) as the control. Microscopic electron microscopy scanning and high-throughput sequencing methods were employed to analyze the effects of the different treatments on the residual amount of microplastics in soil, soil properties, bacterial communities, and flue-cured tobacco quality. The results showed that PM treatment increased the residual amount of microplastics in non-rhizosphere soil, while BPM treatment mainly increased the residual amount of microplastics in rhizosphere soil. BPM treatment significantly increased the total nitrogen content and regulated soil enzyme activity. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) results indicated that mulching significantly affected the structure of soil bacterial communities, increased the richness index of soil bacterial communities and reduced community diversity. Mulching significantly improved flue-cured tobacco quality. BPM treatment increased the potassium content and the total amount of neutral aromatic compounds in cured tobacco leaves. Mulching treatments had significant impacts on the distribution and relative abundance of soil microplastic residues. Biodegradable plastic mulch has potential advantages in improving tobacco quality, providing experimental basis for the application of biodegradable plastic mulch.