Abstract: To enhance the smoking quality of slim cigarettes and to clarify control goal for cigarette making process, this study used slim cigarettes with a length of 97.0 mm and a circumference of 17.0 mm as research samples, and analyzed the variations in physical characteristics, dynamic draw resistance, combustion coal fallout propensity, smoke chemical composition, and sensory quality among cigarettes with different rod compaction ratio. The results indicated that: 1) With an increase in compaction ratio,, the average hardness of cigarette samples in each group exhibited a downward trend; compaction ratio ranging from 7% to 15% (groupB and groupC) ensured better stability of all physical characteristics. 2) Cigarettes with compaction ratio > 15% (groupD and groupE) had significantly higher dynamic draw resistance in the secound puff; the average dynamic draw resistance increased by roughly 15 Pa per 10 mg/cm³ rise in average cut tobacco density. 3) Cigarettes with compaction ratio < 7% (groupA) had the highest combustion cone fallout probability (36%), while those with higher compaction ratio were more prone to cone fallout in mid-smoking (3rd–5th puffs). 4) No significant differences were found in smoke chemical composition among cigarettes with different compaction ratios, but their puff-by-puff release patterns varied; for samples with compaction ratio ≥20% (groupE) , over 40 chemical components in the first two puffs differed significantly from those with low compaction ratio (groupB). 5) Smokers perceived significant differences in draw smoothness between cigarettes with extremely high compaction ratio (≥20%) and medium-low ones (7%–15%). The findings can provide methodological and data support for optimizing the control of cigarette making processes, and for enhancing the draw smoothness of slim cigarettes.