本平台为互联网非涉密平台,严禁处理、传输国家秘密或工作秘密

菜饲肥三用油菜填闲对烟田土壤养分和烤烟生长的影响

Effects of tri-functional catch rapeseed (for vegetable, forage and manure) on soil nutrients and flue-cured tobacco growth in tobacco fields

  • 摘要: 为进一步提高黄淮潮土烟田“烟–油”融合发展模式的经济效益,分析了菜饲肥三用油菜填闲对0~40 cm土层养分和烤烟生长的影响。结果显示:①油菜菜薹和鲜草产量分别为11.74 和 45.97 t/hm2,经济效益分别为1.88和1.10万元/hm2、共2.68万元/hm2;②通过菜薹采摘和鲜草收割,分别将201.12、74.15、215.64和73.96 kg/hm2的N、P、K和Cl-携出烟田;③与冬闲对照相比,油菜收割时0~20 cm土层土壤有机质和全氮含量分别提高2.02和0.07 mg/g,各土层土壤硝态氮、有效磷和Cl-含量显著(p<0.05)降低;④与对照相比,油菜处理烤烟各关键生育期各土层土壤有机质含量提高2.15~4.47 mg/g,全氮含量提高0~0.16 mg/g,打顶期土壤各有效养分含量提高、成熟期除碱解氮外0~20 cm土层土壤各养分含量降低。打顶期烤烟各器官的生物量和养分积累量降低,但成熟期烟草茎和叶生物量及叶片N、P和Cl-积累量提高,烤后烟叶上等烟比例、均价和产值(1.00万元/hm2)提高。综上,采用菜饲肥三用油菜发展“烟–油”融合模式,在提高烟田综合经济效益、将土壤中大量Cl-携出烟田的同时,还通过提高全年土壤有机质和全氮含量、提升土壤健康水平、减轻土壤退化程度,通过提高烤烟打顶期土壤养分有效性、提高其成熟期叶生物量和烤后烟叶产值,适宜在黄淮烟区推广。

     

    Abstract: To further enhance the economic benefits of the "tobacco-rapeseed" integrated development mode in fluvo-aquic soil tobacco fields of the Huanghuai region, this study investigated the economic effects of tobacco field, soil nutrient dynamics in the 0~40 cm soil profile, as well as flue-cured tobacco growth, resulting from the use of multi-purpose rape (for vegetable, forage and green manure) as a catch crop. The results showed that: (1) The yields of rape flower stalks and fresh forage reached 11.74 t/hm2 and 45.97 t/hm2, respectively, the corresponding profits of which were 1.88 104yuan/hm2 and 1.10 104 yuan/hm2, yielding a total profit of 2.68 104 yuan/hm2. (2) Through the harvesting of rape flower stalks and fresh forage, 201.12, 74.15, 215.64 and 73.96 kg/hm2 of N, P, K and Cl- were respectively removed from the tobacco field soil. (3) Compared with the winter fallow control, at the time of rapeseed harvest, soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 2.02 and 0.07 mg/g, respectively, while soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and Cl- contents across all soil layers decreased significantly (p<0.05). (4) Compared with control treatment, at the critical growth stages of tobacco, soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents across all soil layers in rapeseed treatment increased by 2.15-4.47 and 0-0.16 mg/g, respectively; Contents of all forms of soil available nutrient increased at the topping stage of tobacco, but subsequently decreased at its maturity stage, with the exception of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer; At the topping stage of tobacco, the biomass and the nutrient accumulation amounts of N, P, K and Cl- in all tobacco organs were decreased, but at its maturity stage, the biomass of the stems and leaves, and the accumulation amounts of N, P, and Cl- in leaves were increased; The proportion of premium-grade cured leaves, average price and output value (by 1.00 104 yuan/hm2) were increased. In conclusion, employing multi-purpose rape (for vegetable, forage and green manure) as a catch crop to develop "tobacco-rapeseed" integrated mode, not only improved the comprehensive economic benefits of tobacco field and removed a large amount of Cl- from soil, but also promoted soil health and mitigated soil degradation by increasing annual contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen. Additionally, it also promoted biomass accumulation in mature tobacco leaves and thereby enhanced its output value by increasing the availability of soil nutrients at the topping stage of tobacco. Consequently, this mode is suitable for popularization in the tobacco-growing areas of the Huanghuai region.

     

/

返回文章
返回