Abstract: To address the issues of low upright qualification rate, low planting efficiency, and seedling damage in tobacco seedling transplantation, a planting mechanism was designed based on non-circular planet gear train. The electric motor drove the gear train mechanism and cam link in the designed mechanism to achieve collaborative operation of seedling pushing and supporting. The kinematic joint simulation was carried out using UG and ADAMS software to determine the rationality and feasibility of the mechanism. Response surface analysis was conducted using the length of the seedling pushing plate, the planting frequency and the diameter of the seedling guide tube as the experimental factors, and upright qualification rate and substrate loss rate as the experimental indicators. The results showed that when the length of the seedling pushing plate was 123.48 mm, the planting frequency was 80.35 plants per minute, the internal diameter of the seedling guide tube was 52.57 mm, the best planting effect was achieved with an upright qualification rate of 97.36%, and substrate loss rate of 2.31%, meeting the agronomic requirements for tobacco seedling transplantation.