施肥对植烟土壤重金属输入的影响
Influence of Fertilization on Introduction of Heavy Metals into Tobacco Growing Soils
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摘要: 采用调研和取样分析方式,研究了环神农架地区4县烟叶生产的主要肥水管理方式和4类16种主要烟用肥料的重金属含量,估算了该区烟叶生产对7种植烟土壤重金属(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb)的输入及不同肥料对重金属输入的影响。研究结果显示,16种肥料中以Cr,N i和Pb的检出率最高,均为93.75%,Cd的检出率最低,仅在两个磷肥样品中检出,检出率为12.50%;4类主要肥料种类中,钾肥中各种重金属含量均较低,不会对土壤中重金属积累造成影响,而磷肥中多种重金属含量较高,尤其是Cd的含量,最高可达0.88 mg/kg,大量施用磷肥有可能对烟叶中Cd含量的控制造成不利影响;环神农架地区烟草生产每季对Cr,N i,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb的平均输入量分别约为12.96,5.67,11.55,50.03,4.98,0.05,19.16 g/hm2,4类肥料中,磷肥是主要的重金属元素携入者,对除Zn以外其他6种元素的输入贡献率均在50%以上,烟草专用肥是Cr和As(除磷肥以外)的主要携入者,对两元素的平均输入贡献率在40%以上,饼肥则是Cu和Zn的主要携入者,对两元素的输入平均贡献率接近50%。Abstract: The main fertilizer and irrigation management practices and contents of heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb) in main fertilizers for tobacco production in Circum-Shennongjia areas were studied by means of investigation and sample analysis,the introduction of the mentioned heavy metals into tobacco growing soils in these areas were estimated and the influences of fertilizers were discussed.The results showed that among the 16 test fertilizers,the detectable rates of Cr,Ni and Pb were the highest(93.75%),and that of Cd was the lowest(12.50%),which was only detectable in two phosphate fertilizers.The heavy metal contents in potassium fertilizers were lower,which did not affect the heavy metal accumulation in soil;while several heavy metal contents in phosphate fertilizers were higher,especially Cd,whose content might reach 0.88 mg/kg,and the application of phosphate fertilizer in large volume might adversely affect the Cd control in tobacco leaf.Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb introduced into soils in Circum-Shennongjia areas per tobacco growing season averaged 12.96,5.67,11.55,50.03,4.98,0.05,and 19.16 g/hm2,respectively.Among the four kinds of fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer played an important role in heavy metal introduction with the input rate of above 50%(except for Zn);tobacco special fertilizer was the next main carrier of Cr and As with the average input rate of above 40%;cake fertilizer contributed for about 50% of Cu and Zn input.
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