Abstract: In order to find out the agricultural measures for improving the flavor quality of tobacco leaves, the effects of rare earth fertilizer on contents of aroma components and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied with field experiments. The results showed that the contents of total aroma components and major aroma components increased with application of rare earth fertilizer, particularly "Liyanwang" and "Yizhisu"(solid). The smoking quality of tobacco leaves was also improved by rare earth fertilizer, the tobacco applied with "Liyanwang" offered good flavor quality, rich flavor quantity, comfortable aftertaste and less irritation, and was scored higher in panel test.