Abstract: The research progresses of the biomarkers currently applied to the assessment of heating type cigarettes, smokeless tobacco products and electronic cigarettes were reviewed for developing novel tobacco products. The results showed that the biomarkers of cigarette smoke played important roles in the health risk assessment and product control of novel tobacco products, and the study of biomarker would become one of important research trends in the development of novel tobacco products. Analytic methods for the biomarkers and assessment methods for the exposure to harmful components in novel tobacco products should be researched while novel tobacco products are developed by tobacco industry.