覆膜条件下氮磷肥对土壤理化性质、酶活性及烟草生长的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Enzyme Activity of Soil and Tobacco Growth under Film Mulch

摘要: 通过大田试验研究了覆膜条件下氮磷肥料互作对植烟土壤理化性质,土壤酶活性以及烟草生长的影响。结果表明,覆膜能提高植烟土壤温度及中性磷酸酶的活性,促进烟株对氮、磷的吸收;明显地促进烟株地上部的生长,使烟株早发育。但覆膜导致烟株的根冠比下降,且覆膜后土壤的氧化还原电位和pH值下降,可能造成土壤中硝化作用的减弱,使NH₄⁺-N向NO₃^--N转化减慢,从而降低了烟草对NO₃^--N的吸收率。覆膜条件下土壤中脲酶的活性随尿素、磷肥用量的增加而有所降低,且覆膜本身也降低了脲酶的活性。

Abstract: The synergic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on physical and chemical characteristics of tobacco planting soil, enzyme activity and tobacco growth under film mulch were studied with field experiments.The results showed that by film mulching, soil temperature, neutral phosphatase activity and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by tobacco plant were increased, the shoot growth and development of tobacco were promoted significantly.However, the ratio of root and shoot and the Eh and pH of soil were decreased, weak soil nitration might be resulted and the absorbing rate of tobacco plant to NO₃^--N was decreased.The urease activity in the soil was declined with the increase of urea and phosphorus fertilizer and by film mulching as well.