Abstract: Effects of applying wheat straw on main agronomic characteristics, yield, quality, and disease occurrence of flue-cured tobacco in fertile soil were studied.The results showed that when 30 kg N/ha or 60 kg N/ha was applied, the yield of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment applied with wheat straw was 12.2% or 13.9% higher, the output value was 47.65% or 39.25% higher than the control, respectively.At different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application, the stalk circumference, the number of harvested tobacco leaves and the content of total sugar in leaves were increased, the occurrence rates of anthracnose and brown spot were reduced, and the contents of nicotine, total nitrogen and protein in leaves were decreased in the wheat straw treatment.The quality and aroma of tobacco leaves for the wheat straw treatment were also improved, and the offensive taste, strength and irritation were reduced.