Abstract: Effects of sesame cake fertilization at different rates on the microbe quantity and enzyme activity of rhizospheric soil during different growth stages of tobacco plant were studied by rain-controlled pot cultivation and setting string bag in soil.The results showed that there were different stimulation and sustenance on the microbe quantity and enzyme activity of rhizospheric soil applied with different rates of sesame cake.The quantity of microbe reached the maximum on 28d or 38d and enzyme activities reached the maximum on 53d after transplanting.In these treatments, the effects on the quantity of ammonifying bacteria, actinomyces, and fungi and the activity of phosphatase were most obvious in treatment with fertilizer containing 40% cake;the effects on the quantity of bacteria and the activities of urease and invertase were most obvious in treatments, with fertilizer containing 20% and 60% cake, respectively.