Abstract: Progress of control and use of microbes or enzymes in domestic and foreign tobacco industry was reviewed.It described a simple method for control of microbes or enzymes, namely controlling the enviromental temperature and humidity of tobacco materials effectively.Meanwhile, it introduced advances on the improvement of quality of tobacco leaves, tobacco stems and reconstituted tobacco, degradation of nicotine and production of flavor by microbes or enzymes in detail.The conclusion was that control and use of microbes or enzymes would be still an important subject for tobacco industry in the future.