Abstract: In order to find out the relationships of reconstituted tobacco's quality with its fiber distribution and surface microstructure, the reconstituted tobacco products of seven manufacturers at home and abroad were analyzed. Their surface microstructure was compared, and the property of fiber in their products was analyzed after gentle segregation. The results showed that: comparing with domestic products, the imported reconstituted tobacco was better in bulk thickness, softness, elongation rate and coating uniformity; crimp, twisting factor and fine fiber content of fiber material were the main factors affecting the air permeability, softness and elongation rate of reconstituted tobacco; the intertwined fibers and the wide distribution of fiber length contributed to the good physical quality of reconstituted tobacco.