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烟草封闭式育苗技术的研究与应用

Research and Application of Closed Seedling Production System for Flue-cured Tobacco

  • 摘要: 为了解决我国低温寡日照地区烤烟育苗难的问题,自建封闭式育苗室,研究了封闭式育苗技术,同时介绍了封闭式育苗室的工作原理,确定了其规格及相应参数。试验结果表明,封闭式育苗技术培育4.5叶龄烟苗(小苗)比大棚漂浮育苗缩短24 d,烟苗的茎围、叶干质量、茎干质量、根干质量、根冠比和壮苗指数等指标比大棚漂浮育苗分别增加了35.29%,8.48%,49.23%,160.00%,74.22%和83.78%。封闭式育苗技术培育的小苗直接移栽与假植后移栽的育苗成本较大棚漂浮育苗分别降低101.3和30.4元/667 m2。封闭式育苗技术有效解决了低温寡日照地区苗龄长、壮苗率不高等问题,缓解了不可再生资源基质草炭大量消耗的矛盾,同时也大幅降低了烤烟的育苗成本。

     

    Abstract: For producing flue-cured tobacco seedlings at the areas of low temperature and less sunshine, closed seedling producing technique was studied with a self-configured closed seedling production system for flue-cured tobacco, the working principle of the system was introduced and its specifications and parameters were determined. The results of experiments showed that it only needed 22 days for cultivating seedlings of 4.5 leaf age with this technique, which was 24 days shorter than that with a greenhouse floating seedling system; the stalk circumference of seedling, the dry weight of leaf, stalk and root, root-shoot ratio, and vigorous seedling index increased by 35.29%, 8.48%, 49.23%, 160.00%, 74.22% and 83.78%, respectively; moreover, the costs of direct and heeled-in transplanting of the seedlings from closed system reduced by 101.3 and 30.4 RMB yuan per 667 m2, respectively. Closed seedling producing technique effectively solved the problems of longer seedling age and lower vigorous seedling ratio at areas of low temperature and less sunshine, it reduced the consumption of non-renewable peat resource and more significantly the cost of seedling production.

     

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