Abstract: The continuous development of nanotechnology has opened up broad prospects for the application of carbon nanomaterials in the entire tobacco industry chain. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties, this type of materials shows significant potential in enhancing the output of tobacco agriculture and the performance of industrial products. The research progresses of materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanosol in tobacco cultivation, processing and product improvement were systematically reviewed in this paper. In agriculture, carbon nanomaterials significantly increased the yield and quality of tobacco through multiple mechanisms, such as optimizing soil structure, promoting nutrient absorption, regulating gene expression, enriching beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere, and enhancing crop stress resistance. In the industrial sector, as an efficient adsorption medium and functional carrier, it performed outstandingly in reducing the releases of harmful substances from cigarettes, maintaining the stability of aroma components, and enhancing product quality control. The molecular basis of the interaction between carbon nanomaterials and the tobacco system was further analyzed in this article, and the application potentials in emerging fields, such as gene delivery, microbial community regulation, intelligent sensing, and targeted removal of harmful components were discussed. And the limitations existing in the current research and the future development direction were prospected.